Introduction

Reuniting families is a core pillar of Canada's immigration policy. If you are a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, you can sponsor your spouse, common-law partner, or conjugal partner to become a permanent resident.

Unlike economic immigration pathways (like Express Entry), spousal sponsorship does not rely on a points system, job offers, or strict language tests. However, the application process is highly detailed and requires proving that your relationship is genuine and not entered into primarily for immigration purposes.

In this guide, we break down the application process. You can explore your eligibility and estimate application timelines using our Spousal Sponsorship Wizard.

Inland vs. Outland Sponsorship

When applying, you must choose between two streams depending on where the sponsored person lives:

1. Inland Sponsorship

Used when the sponsored spouse is already living in Canada on a temporary visa (work permit, study permit, or visitor visa).

• Benefit: The spouse can apply for an Open Work Permit (OWP) at the same time, allowing them to work in Canada while the sponsorship is being processed.
• Drawback: The spouse should not travel outside of Canada during processing, as re-entry is not guaranteed.

2. Outland Sponsorship

Used when the sponsored spouse lives outside of Canada. It can also be used if they live in Canada but need to travel during the application.

• Benefit: The sponsored spouse can travel in and out of Canada (subject to normal visa rules). The decision can also be appealed if refused.
• Drawback: No automatic open work permit option is available.

Core Requirements for Sponsors

To be eligible to sponsor your partner, you must:

• Be at least 18 years old.
• Be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident.
• Prove that you are not receiving social assistance (other than for a disability).
• Demonstrate that you can provide for the basic needs of your partner (and any dependent children).

Proving a Genuine Relationship

IRCC scrutinizes applications to detect marriages of convenience. You must submit strong supporting evidence:

• Marriage certificate or proof of cohabitation for at least 12 consecutive months (for common-law).
• Joint financial accounts, leases, or property titles.
• Photos showing your relationship over time with friends and family.
• Letters of support from family members confirming your relationship.

Conclusion

Sponsoring your partner requires careful preparation to avoid long processing delays or returns.

To map out your path, check eligibility, and get a tailored checklist for your application, use the Spousal Sponsorship Wizard.